【094】were trapped 在词典里怎么翻译？要带“被”吗？

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2017-03-17

作者：GoldenDict
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《原文要懂 译文要通——谈双解词典的编译》李北达，1997

洋味儿译文是英汉词典中的“常见病” 和“多发病” , 如: “ to sit in the chair ” 不应译为“ 坐在椅子里” , 应该译“ 坐在椅子上”; “ Anxiety has taken away his appetite”不应译作“ 焦虑使他食欲全无” , 可以说“ 他愁得吃不下饭” 。
再举“ 被” 字为例, 在 trap 条中有一例句“ The lift  broke down and we were trapped inside。” 译作: “ 电梯出故障了, 我们困在里面出不来。” 有人指出原文是被动句, 因而在译文中必须加一“ 被” 字。我回应对 trap 词条的这一批评时, 曾戏言两句如下: “ 被” 字是翻译的 trap 。敝人不愿见到被“ 被” 字污染的翻译体中的“ 被” 字被搬到敝人竭力删除“ 被”字的词典中来免被物议。

评：李北达先生有自己的见解，不过全文搜索“ were trapped”，会发现目前主流在版的英汉（双解词典）相应汉译，基本都带了“被”字。这个“被”字可以提示词典使用者， trap 这里是及物动词，”we trap(ped) inside”是不对的，要有被动。

新世纪英汉大词典

» They were trapped after the lifts went out of action. 电梯出现故障，他们被困在里面了。
» The climbers were trapped by a fierce storm which went on for days. 登山者让一连几天的强风暴雨困住了。
» Many students were trapped by smoke and fire on an upper floor. 很多学生被烟和火困在上面的楼层。
» The miners were trapped underground. 矿工被困在井下。

柯林斯 COBUILD 高阶英汉双解学习词典

» They were trapped after the lifts went out of action. 电梯出现故障，他们被困在里面了。
» The climbers were trapped by a fierce storm which went on for days. 登山者被一连几天的强风暴雨给困住了。
» Many students were trapped by smoke and fire on an upper floor. 许多学生被浓烟和大火困在了较高的一层上。

剑桥高阶英汉双解词典

» They were trapped in the cave for a couple of days but they were none the worse for their experience.他们被困在洞穴中好几天，但这一经历对他们没有什么影响。
» When the boat capsized we were trapped underneath it.船翻了，我们被困在了船下。
» Ten miners were trapped underground when the roof of the tunnel fell in.坑道顶部坍塌，10名矿工被困地下。
» The two men died when they were trapped in a burning building.这两名男子因被困在燃烧着的大楼里而丧生。
» Fire officers used cutting equipment to free his legs, which were trapped under a steel beam.消防队员们用切割设备松开他被压在一根钢梁下的双腿。
» Two children were trapped in the wreckage.两名儿童被困在残骸里。

牛津高阶英汉双解词典（第 4 版）

» They were trapped in the burning hotel. 他们被困在发生火灾的旅馆里.
» The lift broke down and we were trapped inside (it). 电梯出故障了, 我们困在里面出不来.

评：李北达先生主译的《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》（第 4 版），were trapped ，一处带“被”，一处不带。

牛津高阶英汉双解词典（第 8 版）

» The miners were trapped deep underground. 矿工被困在地下深处。
» They were trapped behind enemy lines (= in the area controlled by the enemy). 他们在敌人后方遭到围困。
» They were trapped in the burning building. 他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。

麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典

» Many passengers were trapped in the tangled mass of steel. 许多旅客被困在那一堆缠绕在一起的钢铁之中。
» Both men were trapped inside the burning car. 两人都被困在燃烧的轿车里。
» His legs were trapped under fallen rocks. 他的腿被滚下来的石头压住了。

朗文当代高级英语辞典（英英·英汉双解）（第 5 版）

» Twenty miners were trapped underground. 20名矿工被困在地下。
» Dozens of people were trapped in the rubble when the building collapsed. 楼房倒塌，很多人被困在了瓦砾下面。
» The entire building was on fire and hundreds of people were trapped in the inferno. 整幢大楼都在燃烧，数百人被困火海。